Bas tambah

Bas tambah ialah satu laluan tunggal dengan beberapa item bagi suatu sistem komputer yang dipasang secara selari padanya supaya isyarat-isyarat boleh dihantar di antaranya. Ia juga adalah suatu laluan set elektronik yang membenarkan maklumat dan isyarat dihantar melaluinya di antara komponen-komponen dalaman dan luaran komputer

An intelligent network selection mechanism for vertical handover decision in vehicular Ad Hoc wireless networks

The design of the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) technology is a modern paradigm for vehicular communication on movement. However, VANET's vertical handover (VHO) decision in seamless connectivity is a huge challenge caused by the network topology complexity and the large number of mobile nodes that affect the network traffic in terms of the data transmission and dissemination efficiency. Furthermore, the conventional scheme only uses a received signal strength as a metric value, which shows a lack of appropriate handover metrics that is more suitable in horizontal handover compared to VHO. Appropriate VHO decisions will result in an increase in the network quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay, latency, and packet loss. This study aims to design an intelligent network selection to minimize the handover delay and latency, and packet loss in the heterogeneous Vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) wireless networks. The proposed intelligent network selection is known as the Adaptive Handover Decision (AHD) scheme that uses Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) algorithms, namely F-SAW scheme. The AHD scheme was designed to select the best-qualified access point (AP) and base station (BS) candidates without degrading the performance of ongoing applications. The F-SAW scheme is proposed to develop a handover triggering mechanism that generates multiple attributes parameters using the information context of vertical handover decision in the V2I heterogeneous wireless networks. This study uses a network simulator (NS-2) as the mobility traffic network and vehicular mobility traffic (VANETMobiSim) generator to implement a topology in a realistic VANET mobility scenario in Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and LTE networks technologies. The proposed AHD scheme shows an improvement in the QoS handover over the conventional (RSS-based) scheme with an average QoS increased of 21%, 20%, and 13% in delay, latency and packet loss, while Media Independent Handover based (MIH-based) scheme with 12.2%, 11%, and 7% respectively. The proposed scheme assists the mobile user in selecting the best available APs or BS during the vehicles’ movement without degrading the performance of ongoing applications

Get (Logik)

Get logik ialah satu kumpulan suis yang mengawal sistem litar komputer.Ia mempunyai satu atau lebih input tetapi mempunyai hanya satu atau dua output

Determining wireless local area network (WLAN) vulnerabilities on academic network

The advancement and proliferation of wireless local area network nowadays have driven for an alarm on the whole network operation.The concern applies to both business and academic computer network environments.This paper describes our research and experiences in performing network vulnerabilities analysis in academic local area network.The research uses network vulnerability analysis methodology to perform vulnerability analysis on Academic and Administration building. From the analysis, the overall network security level can be determined.Remedies and solution to counter any vulnerability can also be prescribed and this will reduce network vulnerability threat to academic local area network

An interaction between SCTP and on demand MANET routing protocols

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network of mobile nodes that has no fixed routers.In MANET, mobile nodes can communicate via the wireless interface while nodes are moving freely without using the network infrastructure.Nowadays the performance of a new existence Internet protocol technology, that is Stream Control Transportation Protocol ( SCTP) in a MANET Routing Protocol still unknown.The general objective of this research is to analyze and make the comparative performance of SCTP with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) using Network Simulator (NS-2).Specifically, this research is to measure the behavior of SCTP in terms of throughput and smoothness and; to determine routing protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) either it has significant effect in SCTP.This research used Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), type of the traffic is Constant Bit Rate ( CBR) and packet size is 1000.The data sent consists of five speeds at 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, 25 m/s, and then these speeds are used in AODV and DSR simulation.The result, of our study suggested that the SCTP throughput over AODV is higher than DSR and the smoothness of SCTP over DSR was higher than AODV for the five types of speed.In addition, there was no significant impact on throughput between AODV and DSR as the percentage difference was small (i.e., 0 to 2.4%).Furthermore, the speed of node movement does not significant affect the smoothness

Fuzzy logic-based intelligent scheme for enhancing QoS of vertical handover decision in vehicular ad-hoc networks

The design of next generation networks in various technologies under the “Anywhere, Anytime” paradigm offers seamless connectivity across different coverage. A conventional algorithm such as RSSThreshold algorithm, that only uses the received strength signal (RSS) as a metric, will decrease handover performance regarding handover latency, delay, packet loss, and handover failure probability. Moreover, the RSS-based algorithm is only suitable for horizontal handover decision to examine the quality of service (QoS) compared to the vertical handover decision in advanced technologies. In the next generation network, vertical handover can be started based on the user’s convenience or choice rather than connectivity reasons. This study proposes a vertical handover decision algorithm that uses a Fuzzy Logic (FL) algorithm, to increase QoS performance in heterogeneous vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). The study uses network simulator 2.29 (NS 2.29) along with the mobility traffic network and generator to implement simulation scenarios and topologies. This helps the simulation to achieve a realistic VANET mobility scenario. The required analysis on the performance of QoS in the vertical handover can thus be conducted. The proposed Fuzzy Logic algorithm shows improvement over the conventional algorithm (RSSThreshold) in the average percentage of handover QoS whereby it achieves 20%, 21% and 13% improvement on handover latency, delay, and packet loss respectively. This is achieved through triggering a process in layer two and three that enhances the handover performance

The usefulness of online questionnaire system among students in higher learning institution

Questionnaires are used in a wide range of settings to gather information about the views and behavior of individuals to inform people about the specific issues. Feedbacks of the questionnaires are used by the researcher to find an accurate result with supporting of statistical analysis functionalities. However, the resulting from the questionnaire is lack supported by the analyzing functionality.In addition, the overall trends and the performance of each question are analyzed by using the offline equations of the statistics analysis.This research focuses on the development of the questionnaire system by focusing on the ‘built-in' statistical analysis functionalities to facilitate as a test bed. The Online Questionnaire System (OQS) is developed in order to reduce loss of papers, time and effort.The general design methodology is represented by using Unified Model Language (UML). 29 students from higher learning institutions has been selected as a respondents to evaluated this system based on the usability and flexibility of the system.Mostly 44.8% persons very agree that the statistical analysis functions in Online Questionnaire website need to be implemented

Performance Analysis of Vertical Handover in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Using Media Independent Handover Services

Next-generation of the mobile communication, network services allow users to move in freedom while accessing the Internet and network applications with seamless communication through the different wireless networks technologies. Integrating different system networks is called vertical handover which is critically a challenging task using the traditional decision algorithm for the next-generation networks. In this study, we proposed a simulation result of performance quality of service (QoS) of the vertical handover in vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) on Road-Side Unit (RSU) between Wifi, WiMAX, and LTE networks using IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard. The simulation is carried out using the NS-2 simulator and the VanetMobiSim traffic generator for the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard. The results show the performance analysis of IEEE 802.21 MIH in terms of handover latency, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss. Hence, this study will help and guide the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Telecommunication System (Telcos) provider in Malaysia to cater the problems of internet services by increasing the QoS of networks for the user's convenience

Performance analysis of vertical handover in vehicular ad-hoc network using media independent handover services

Next-generation of the mobile communication, network services allow users to move in freedom while accessing the Internet and network applications with seamless communication through the different wireless networks technologies. Integrating different system networks is called vertical handover which is critically a challenging task using the traditional decision algorithm for the next-generation networks. In this study, we proposed a simulation result of performance quality of service (QoS) of the vertical handover in vehicle-to Infrastructure (V2I) on Road-Side Unit (RSU) between Wifi, WiMAX, and LTE networks using IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) standard. The simulation is carried out using the NS-2 simulator and the VanetMobiSim traffic generator for the IEEE 802.21 MIH standard.The results show the performance analysis of IEEE 802.21 MIH in terms of handover latency, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet loss. Hence, this study will help and guide the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and Telecommunication System (Telcos) provider in Malaysia to cater the problems of internet services by increasing the QoS of networks for the user's convenience

Determining the vulnerabilities of wireless LAN (WLAN) in educational environment

The advancement and proliferation of wireless local area network nowadays have driven for an alarm on the whole network operation.The concern applies to both business and academic computer network environments.This report describes our research and experiences in performing network vulnerabilities analysis in academic local area network.The research uses network vulnerability analysis methodology to perform vulnerability analysis on Academic and Administration building.From the analysis, the overall network security level was determined.During WArDriving session, a few important factors had been found such as a number of Access Point (AP) and ad-hoc client were not used any security method and several used default SSID.Remedies and solution to counter the vulnerability also prescribed such as any Rogue Access Point discovered should be eliminated, educate users not to plug-in any AP without permission and also proper configuration, and use authentication control access to each AP that setup legally in LAN.Hopefully, this will reduce network vulnerability threat to academic LAN